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Information
on Equipment Leasing and Financing
Leasing Basics
Why Should I Lease Equipment?
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As businesses prepare to compete and
grow in a new millennium, many are searching for proven new ways
to address their equipment financing challenge. The old ways won't
meet today's and tomorrow's needs. The choice for many businesses
is clear: equipment leasing.
Equipment Leasing Association research
shows that eight out of 10 U.S. companies lease some or all of their
equipment. Of all the ways to acquire equipment, leasing is the
method most frequently used for all equipment types. In fact, almost
any type of equipment can be leased - from fax machines and printing
presses, to trucks and bulldozers.
Choosing to lease is a smart way to
acquire equipment. There are three ways to acquire equipment — you
can choose whichever way fits best with your company's needs.
- You
can select the equipment by working with a vendor or a manufacturer,
which offers leasing.
- You
can select and order the equipment and then seek financing through
a lessor.
- You
can obtain the equipment directly through a lessor.
What are the Benefits of Leasing?
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Leasing offers numerous advantages
over other financing methods:
Tax treatment.The IRS does
not consider an operating lease or a true lease to be a purchase,
but rather a tax-deductible overhead expense. Therefore, you can
deduct the lease payments from your corporate income.
Balance sheet management. Because
an operating lease is not considered a long-term debt or liability,
it does not appear as debt on your financial statement, thus making
you more attractive to traditional lenders when you need them.
100% financing. With leasing,
there is very little money down - perhaps only the first and last
month’s payment is due at the time of the lease. Since a lease does
not require a down payment, it is equivalent to 100% financing.
That means that you will have more money to invest in revenue-generating
activities.
Immediate write-off of the dollars
spent. Therefore, the equipment does not have to be depreciated
over five to seven years.
Flexibility. As your business
grows and your needs change, you can add or upgrade at any point
during the lease term through add-on or master leases. If you anticipate
growth, be sure to negotiate that option when you structure your
lease program. You also have the option to include installation,
maintenance and other services, if needed.
Customized solutions. A variety
of leasing products is available, allowing you to tailor a program
to fit your month-to-month or year-to-year cash flow needs. You
are able to customize a program to address your needs and requirements
- cash flow, budget, transaction structure, cyclical fluctuations,
etc. Some leases allow you, for example, to miss one or more payment
without a penalty, an important feature for seasonal businesses.
Asset management. A lease
provides the use of equipment for specific periods of time at fixed
payments. The lessor assumes and manages the risk of equipment ownership.
Upgraded technology. If the
nature of your industry demands that you have the latest technology,
a short-term operating lease can help you get the equipment and
keep your cash. Lease equipment that you expect to depreciate quickly.
Your risk of getting caught with obsolete equipment is lower because
you can upgrade or add equipment to meet your ever-changing needs.
Speed. Leasing can allow you
to respond quickly to new opportunities with minimal documentation
and red tape. Most of the time we will approve your application
within one hour and you can have your equipment very quickly.
Lower payments than a Loan.
Improved Cash Forecasting.
The lessee knows the amount and number of lease payments so they
can accurately forecast the cash requirements for equipment.
Flexible end of term options.
Return, renew or purchase.
Tax Benefits. Lessors can pass
the tax benefits of ownership on to the lessee in the form of lower
monthly payments. If you are in the Alternative Minimum Tax Bracket,
a true lease will provide you with an attractive tax benefit.
Improved Earnings. Operating
lease accounting provides a lower cost than a capital lease in the
early years of a lease.
What are the Differences Between a Lease and a Loan?
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Loan:
A loan requires the end user to invest a down payment in the equipment.
The loan finances the remaining amount.
Lease: A
lease requires no down payment and finances only the value of the
equipment expected to be depleted during the lease term. The lessee
usually has an option to buy the equipment for its remaining value
at lease end. By signing the lease, the lessee assigns his or her
purchase rights to the lessor, who already owns or who then buys
the equipment as specified by the lessee. When the equipment is
delivered, the lessee formally accepts it and makes sure it meets
all specifications. The lessor pays for the equipment and the lease
takes effect.
Loan: A loan
usually requires the borrower to pledge other assets for collateral.
Lease:
The leased equipment itself is usually all that is needed to secure
a lease transaction.
Loan: A loan
usually requires two expenditures during the first payment period;
a down payment at the beginning and a loan payment at the end.
Lease: A
lease requires only a lease payment at the beginning of the first
payment period which is usually much lower than the down payment.
Loan: The end
user bears all the risk of equipment devaluation because of new
technology.
Lease: The
end user transfers all risk of obsolescence to the lessors as there
is no obligation to own equipment at the end of the lease.
Loan: End users
may claim a tax deduction for a portion of the loan payment as interest
and for depreciation, which is tied to IRS depreciation schedules.
Lease: When
leases are structured as true leases, the end user may claim the
entire lease payment as a tax deduction. The equipment write-off
is tied to the lease term, which can be shorter than IRS depreciation
schedules, resulting in larger tax deductions each year. The deduction
is also the same every year, which simplifies budgeting (Equipment
financed with a conditional sale lease is treated the same as owned
equipment.).
Loan: Financial
Accounting Standards require owned equipment to appear as an asset
with a corresponding liability on the balance sheet.
Lease:
Leased assets are expensed when
the lease is an operating lease. Such assets do not appear on the
balance sheet, which can improve financial ratios.
Loan: A larger
portion of the financial obligation is paid in today's more expensive
dollars.
Lease:
More of the cash flow, especially
the option to purchase the equipment, occurs later in the lease
term when inflation makes dollars cheaper.
To
Lease or Not to Lease... top
...that is the question
you might be asking. Take a minute and familiarize yourself with
this comparison of all three options.
Lease
A non-cancelable contract extending over a fixed period of time.
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Bank Loan
A non-cancelable contract repaid in regular installments.
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Cash Purchase
Using working capital acquistions.
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Advantages
- 100% financing
- May be off-balance sheet financing
- Preserves bank lines
- Conserves capital
- May provide tax advantages
- Fixed terms & payments
- Flexible terms
- Easy add-on/trade-up
- Full use without ownership
- Creates new credit source
- $1.00 and 10% leases provide benefits of ownership
- Lets you pay for the equipment as you use it
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Advantages
- Benefits of ownership
- May provide tax advantages
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Advantage
- No financing charge
- Benefits of ownership
- May provide tax advantages
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Disadvantages
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Disadvantages
- Balance sheet financing
- Relatively short term
- Extensive paperwork
- Covenant restrictions
- Uses credit lines
- No obsolescence protection
- May require compensating balances, down payment, and origination fee
- Likely to be on a variable interest rate
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Disadvantages
- Depletes cash reserves
- No obsolescence protection
- Creates price shoppers
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What Types of Companies Lease? top
Lessees vary widely
from small, one-person operations to Fortune 100 corporations, and
the kinds of equipment being leased are just as diverse. Transactions
range from a few thousand dollars worth of equipment (such as fax
machines) to multi-million-dollar cogeneration facilities, telecommunications
systems, medical equipment (including CAT scanners and MRI imaging),
office systems, computers, commercial airliners, and transportation
fleets. There is no end to the types of equipment companies lease.
In 1999, it is estimated
that approximately $226 billion worth of equipment had been leased.
This number represents approximately 30% of all equipment purchases.
Evaluate Our Financing Options top
A lease is a financing agreement that is structured to meet your organization's special needs. To decide if leasing is the best option in your case, you must first understand those needs and ask yourself these questions:
- How does this equipment make your business more competitive?
- What is the most efficient use of your cash flow to pay for this equipment?
- How long will you use it?
- What will your equipment needs be in the future?
Obviously, you will want to factor the cost of leasing into your evaluation. Generally, the cost of leasing is comparable to those of other financing options when looking at the whole transaction. It is important to point out that leases are not loans. As a result, their costs are figured differently from those of loans. Leases take into account that the equipment is worth something at the end of the lease term. This is called its residual. Residuals are built into lease pricing, usually making the lease payments lower than a loan. To compare lease products, it is better to compare monthly payments than to try to compare loan interest rates with lease rates. On a cost-of-capital basis, leasing may be the least expensive option.
Leasing companies can offer competitive rates for a number of reasons. Lessors - with their volume purchasing power - can secure attractive financing deals and pass along the savings to the lessee. The lessor also is better able to take advantage of the deduction for depreciation expense that comes with ownership.
Once you've completed your evaluation and decided to lease your next equipment acquisition, the first step is to select the type of lease that fits your needs. There are several different types of leases (see Glossary of Key Leasing Terms). You and your lessor should consider these factors in determining which is best for you.
- How long you want to use the equipment
- What you intend to do with the equipment at the end of your lease
- Your tax situation
- Your cash flow
- Your company's specific needs as they relate to future growth.
- You also will need to determine what happens at the end of the lease.
Your options can include returning the equipment to the lessor, purchasing the equipment at fair market value or a nominal fixed price, or renewing your lease. To design a leasing plan that best meets your needs, you need to understand your options. Discuss any questions or concerns you have with us.
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